Introduction: Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) requires rapid and comprehensive vascular assessment to inform management and risk stratification. While conventional ultrasound delivers anatomical detail and Doppler-based haemodynamic insight, its limitations in resolving multidirectional flow and shear forces restrict clinical decision-making. Vector Flow (V Flow) imaging presents a major advancement for bedside ultrasound: enabling real-time visualization and quantification of complex flow patterns, velocity ratios, wall shear stress, and volumetric flow in true and false lumens.
Methods: This presentation reviews the utility of V Flow imaging in TBAD, presenting case-based videos and quantitative measurements from the latest Mindray system. V Results: Flow assessments reveal significant differences in systolic and diastolic flow patterns, entry tear hemodynamics, and localized wall shear stress between lumens. Technological strengths and practical limitations such as probe type and patient body habitus are discussed.
Conclusion/Take home message: Attendees will gain insights into how V Flow imaging enhances diagnostic confidence and provides new avenues for hemodynamic monitoring in acute aortic syndromes.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome (compression) and median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) represent uncommon but clinically significant vascular compression syndromes in which normal or variant anatomy becomes pathological. This presentation reviews the relevant mesenteric and coeliac axis anatomy, focusing on how aberrant angulation, ligamentous insertion, and body habitus contribute to symptomatic compression. Ultrasound assessment techniques are discussed in detail, including velocity criteria, aorto-mesenteric angle and distance measurements, respiratory and positional variation, and waveform analysis. Areas of ongoing controversy—particularly diagnostic thresholds, reproducibility, and the discordance between imaging findings and symptoms—are highlighted, with an emphasis on practical pitfalls and reporting strategies for sonographers.

Introduction:Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a well-established non-invasive surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and lifestyles accelerates vascular thickening, but comparative data on manual versus automatic IMT measurement methods across imaging planes remain limited. Methods:The IMT was assessed by manual measurements and with the newly developed B-mode ultrasound IMT measurement software. Approximately 30 young healthy male volunteers from Health Sciences students were included in the study. The manual measurements of the CCA-IMT were performed using the automated range calibrated trackball on the scanner approximately 10 mm proximal to the carotid bulb. The manual IMT measurement was taken by one operator and the automated IMT measurement was taken by another operator blinded to other operator. The average of three measurements was taken. The intra-and inter-observer reliability of the automatic detection and manual measurements were analysed. Results: 20 healthy volunteers underwent IMT US imaging by manual and automated measurements. Mean age was 22±3.39 years. Mean body mass index was 25.41±4.28. Mean IMT manual measurements for right and left CCA sides were 0.67±0.12, 0.69±0.11;and automated 0.47±0.05, 0.47±0.06;respectively. Independent samples t-test showed significant differences between the IMT thickness measurement by manual and automated methods for the right side and for the left side (P<.001). Paired t-tests showed no statistical significance between the same type of measurement on each side(P>.05). Conclusions:Carotid IMT measurement using automated software provided reproducible results compared to manual method. Take home message:These findings support expanded use of automated IMT assessment in clinical vascular screening.

Introduction: Fibromuscular dysplasia is a clinically significant, non-atherosclerotic arterial disease that has been reported in most arterial beds commonly assessed with Duplex ultrasound. Despite this, the condition remains poorly understood by some sonographers and referrers, which can lead to misdiagnosis or inappropriate management.
Methods: This presentation will review the ultrasound features of fibromuscular dysplasia, including characteristic velocity changes, flow disturbance, vessel tortuosity, and arterial beading, along with key probe selection and patient positioning considerations. Current literature recommendations for disease description and reporting will also be discussed.
Results and Conclusion: The understanding of fibromuscular dysplasia continues to evolve, adopting a contemporary approach to identification, description, and reporting is important to support accurate diagnosis and optimal patient management.

Introduction: An arterio- Venous Fistula (AVF) is a connection between a vein and an artery, either intentional (man-made) or unintentional (formed by itself in the body thanks to trauma/pathology etc). A dialysis access AVF is created to provide a vessel for haemodialysis access in patients with end stage renal failure. An arterial steal is when we see reverse flow in the artery inferiorly to the anastomosis. Most AVFs that are more than 1 year old will have reversed flow inferior to the anastomosis and most will be asymptomatic. The ones we will focus on are the ones that become symptomatic.
Method: Patients were referred by renal physicians due to their symptoms, which included, cold hand/s with colour change to white or blue, pain during dialysis or during exercise, pain in the hand or arm while resting or in extreme cases, ulcers, necrotic tissue, gangrene. These patients were scanned using our protocol which I will go into more detail on in the presentation, with a focus on the measurements taken when assessing steal syndrome.
Results: 3 case studies showing the sonographic features of symptomatic steal syndrome including ulcerated fingers, colour change in the hands and ulcers.
Discussing measurements, where to take them and how to interpret them.
Conclusions: What to look for in when scanning these patients and how to interpret the sonographic features.
Take home message: Tips to make this scan easier and the key points.

This presentation introduces a focused, transabdominal duplex ultrasound approach to efficiently evaluate patients with suspected pelvic venous disorders.

Emphasis is placed on practical scanning techniques to assess the left renal vein for compression, ovarian veins for dilation and reflux, and the iliac veins for hemodynamically significant compression. Doppler waveform analysis, flow direction, velocity changes, and respiratory variation are used to distinguish normal physiologic findings from clinically relevant venous pathology.

By integrating anatomy with physiologic Doppler assessment, this targeted approach allows vascular sonographers to rapidly identify disease patterns, guide appropriate downstream imaging, and support procedural planning. This streamlined, protocol-driven strategy delivers clinically actionable information to the care team and improves diagnostic confidence in the evaluation of pelvic venous disorders.