Introduction: Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) requires rapid and comprehensive vascular assessment to inform management and risk stratification. While conventional ultrasound delivers anatomical detail and Doppler-based haemodynamic insight, its limitations in resolving multidirectional flow and shear forces restrict clinical decision-making. Vector Flow (V Flow) imaging presents a major advancement for bedside ultrasound: enabling real-time visualization and quantification of complex flow patterns, velocity ratios, wall shear stress, and volumetric flow in true and false lumens.
Methods: This presentation reviews the utility of V Flow imaging in TBAD, presenting case-based videos and quantitative measurements from the latest Mindray system. V Results: Flow assessments reveal significant differences in systolic and diastolic flow patterns, entry tear hemodynamics, and localized wall shear stress between lumens. Technological strengths and practical limitations such as probe type and patient body habitus are discussed.
Conclusion/Take home message: Attendees will gain insights into how V Flow imaging enhances diagnostic confidence and provides new avenues for hemodynamic monitoring in acute aortic syndromes.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome (compression) and median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) represent uncommon but clinically significant vascular compression syndromes in which normal or variant anatomy becomes pathological. This presentation reviews the relevant mesenteric and coeliac axis anatomy, focusing on how aberrant angulation, ligamentous insertion, and body habitus contribute to symptomatic compression. Ultrasound assessment techniques are discussed in detail, including velocity criteria, aorto-mesenteric angle and distance measurements, respiratory and positional variation, and waveform analysis. Areas of ongoing controversy—particularly diagnostic thresholds, reproducibility, and the discordance between imaging findings and symptoms—are highlighted, with an emphasis on practical pitfalls and reporting strategies for sonographers.

Introduction:Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a well-established non-invasive surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and lifestyles accelerates vascular thickening, but comparative data on manual versus automatic IMT measurement methods across imaging planes remain limited. Methods:The IMT was assessed by manual measurements and with the newly developed B-mode ultrasound IMT measurement software. Approximately 30 young healthy male volunteers from Health Sciences students were included in the study. The manual measurements of the CCA-IMT were performed using the automated range calibrated trackball on the scanner approximately 10 mm proximal to the carotid bulb. The manual IMT measurement was taken by one operator and the automated IMT measurement was taken by another operator blinded to other operator. The average of three measurements was taken. The intra-and inter-observer reliability of the automatic detection and manual measurements were analysed. Results: 20 healthy volunteers underwent IMT US imaging by manual and automated measurements. Mean age was 22±3.39 years. Mean body mass index was 25.41±4.28. Mean IMT manual measurements for right and left CCA sides were 0.67±0.12, 0.69±0.11;and automated 0.47±0.05, 0.47±0.06;respectively. Independent samples t-test showed significant differences between the IMT thickness measurement by manual and automated methods for the right side and for the left side (P<.001). Paired t-tests showed no statistical significance between the same type of measurement on each side(P>.05). Conclusions:Carotid IMT measurement using automated software provided reproducible results compared to manual method. Take home message:These findings support expanded use of automated IMT assessment in clinical vascular screening.

Introduction: Fibromuscular dysplasia is a clinically significant, non-atherosclerotic arterial disease that has been reported in most arterial beds commonly assessed with Duplex ultrasound. Despite this, the condition remains poorly understood by some sonographers and referrers, which can lead to misdiagnosis or inappropriate management.
Methods: This presentation will review the ultrasound features of fibromuscular dysplasia, including characteristic velocity changes, flow disturbance, vessel tortuosity, and arterial beading, along with key probe selection and patient positioning considerations. Current literature recommendations for disease description and reporting will also be discussed.
Results and Conclusion: The understanding of fibromuscular dysplasia continues to evolve, adopting a contemporary approach to identification, description, and reporting is important to support accurate diagnosis and optimal patient management.