Adhesive capsulitis, commonly referred to as frozen shoulder, is a cause of shoulder pain and functional limitation, yet its sonographic features are often subtle and easily overlooked. As musculoskeletal ultrasound continues to play an expanding role in the assessment of shoulder pathology, sonographers are recognising imaging patterns that support the clinical diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis and help guide patient management.

This presentation will provide a practical, evidence-informed overview of adhesive capsulitis from a sonographer’s perspective. Key concepts including pathophysiology, patient presentation, and current literature surrounding ultrasound assessment will be discussed to provide context for imaging findings. Particular emphasis will be placed on the structures most commonly affected in adhesive capsulitis, and steps that you can take when scanning to ensure these subtle signs are not missed.

Through examples and case-based discussion, this presentation will explore the subtle sonographic signs that can raise suspicion for adhesive capsulitis. Practical scanning techniques, and tips and tricks will also be highlighted to enhance the identification of this condition in clinical practice.

By integrating current evidence with practical scanning insights, this session aims to enhance participants’ ability to recognise the subtle sonographic patterns associated with adhesive capsulitis and reinforce the important role of the sonographer in the multidisciplinary evaluation of patients presenting with this condition.

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is defined as compression of the popliteal artery by aberrant myotendinous structures in the popliteal fossa. The presentation will discuss the pathophysiology with a particular emphasis on type VI – functional PAES. The clinical manifestations and epidemiology as well as differential diagnosis will be presented.

The imaging appearances of PAES on CT, MRI and US will be covered, with each modality’s strengths and weaknesses. The presentation will then focus on our practice’s dynamic US protocol, sonographic techniques and dynamic manoeuvres in diagnosing functional PAES. The patient clinical history form as well as the sonographer worksheet/structured reporting format we use will also be shared.

Management pathways will be explored from invasive surgical techniques to conservative treatments, most notably Botulinum toxin A injection. Case studies within our practice will be shown to highlight the synergy between different imaging modalities to correctly diagnose PAES and deliver therapeutic treatment to patients.