Cranial ultrasound is commonly utilised in the neonatal intensive care unit to screen and monitor preterm neonates for evidence of germinal matrix haemorrhage, intraventricular haemorrhage and parenchymal changes secondary to infarction and ischaemia. It may also be useful in the assessment of term neonates with clinical concerns such as increasing head size, neurological deficits or in the screening process for congenital abnormalities and dysmorphic features. This workshop will demonstrate the ultrasound technique and sonographic windows to optimally assess the neonatal brain during a cranial ultrasound. The most common pathologies encountered in both the term and preterm neonate will be highlighted with a focus on the sonographic clues that aid diagnosis.